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YVO4 Crystal

POC-OC-122466-YVO4 Crystal

  • High transmittance range from 0.4 to 5 µm.
  • Large birefringence and excellent optical properties for polarizing components.
  • Superior temperature stability and mechanical strength.
  • Positive uniaxial crystal with low deliquescence.
  • Suitable substitute for Calcite (CaCO₃) and Rutile (TiO₂) in optical isolators and circulators.

Customizable Components Available for This Material to Meet Your Specific Needs!

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YVO4 Crystal Material General Description

Yttrium Orthovanadate (YVO₄) is a positive uniaxial crystal grown using the Czochralski method. Known for its exceptional thermal stability and mechanical durability, YVO₄ crystals are widely used in optical applications requiring high transmittance and birefringence. The crystal exhibits low hygroscopicity and is highly resistant to deliquescence, making it suitable for long-term use in humid environments. With its optical transparency extending from the visible to mid-infrared spectrum (0.4–5 µm), YVO4 Crystal is an excellent synthetic alternative to naturally occurring birefringent materials like Calcite and Rutile. Its robust optical properties, combined with its stability, make it ideal for manufacturing optical isolators, beam displacers, and circulators.

 

YVO4 Crystal General Applications and Examples

YVO₄ crystals find extensive applications in:

  1. Fiber-optic isolators and circulators:
    • Used to manage optical signals in fiber-optic communication systems by reducing signal interference and back reflections.
  2. Beam displacers:
    • Employed in optical systems to achieve polarization splitting for high-precision laser applications.
  3. Interleavers:
    • Common in wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) systems for improving spectral resolution.
  4. Polarizing optics:
    • Ideal for polarizing components due to its high birefringence and stability across a wide wavelength range.
  5. Laser systems:
    • Integrated into laser cavities for wavelength stabilization and polarization control.
  6. Optical instrumentation:
    • YVO4 Crystal Utilized in high-performance metrology and scientific instrumentation requiring precision optical components.

Examples include optical circulators in telecommunication systems, beam displacers for spectroscopy, and polarizers in advanced imaging systems.

Chemical and Structural Properties

Parameter

Value

Crystal structure

Zircon tetragonal, space group D₄h

Lattice constants

a = b = 7.12 Å, c = 6.29 Å

Density

4.22 g/cm³

Mohs hardness

5 (glass-like)

Thermal expansion coefficient

αₐ = 4.43 × 10⁻⁶/K, αᶜ = 11.37 × 10⁻⁶/K

Thermal conductivity

a-axis: 5.23 W/m·K, c-axis: 5.10 W/m·K

Refractive indices

nₑ = 2.1554 (at 1550 nm), nₒ = 1.9447

Birefringence (nₑ – nₒ)

0.2039 (at 1550 nm)

Transparency range

0.4 to 5 µm

Hygroscopic susceptibility

Non-hygroscopic

Optical, Laser and Nonlinear Optical Properties

Parameter

Value

Refractive indices

nₑ = 2.1554 (at 1550 nm), nₒ = 1.9447

Birefringence (nₑ – nₒ)

0.2039 (at 1550 nm)

Walk-off angle at 45°

5.69°

Transparency range

0.4 to 5 µm

Sellmeier equation

n² = A + (B/(λ²-C)), parameters provided

Standard Fabrication Specifications

Specification

Value

Aperture

1.0 x 1.0 mm² to 4 x 4 mm²

Dimension tolerance

±0.1 mm

Wedge angle tolerance

±0.1°

Optical axis orientation

±0.5°

Parallelism

≤ 20 arc sec

Flatness

λ/4 @ 633 nm

Surface quality (scratch/dig)

20/10 to MIL-PRF-13830B

Chamfer

0.2 mm x 45°

Spectrum Transmission Curve:

  • The transmission curve exhibits a high transmittance range between 0.4 µm and 5 µm. The data is consistent with low absorption losses, ensuring excellent optical clarity for applications such as polarizers and circulators.

Coating Specification:

 

  • Anti-reflective (AR) coating: R < 0.2% @ 1550 nm or 1310 nm.
  • Other custom coatings are available upon request.
  • Adhesion Test Compliant with MIL-C-675C military standards, an adhesion test involved applying a tape that meets LT-90 specifications onto the lens film layer. The tape was affixed fully and then removed vertically. This procedure was performed three times, resulting in no blistering or peeling.
  • Temperature Test In line with MIL-C-675C specifications, test pieces were subjected to temperatures of -62±1℃ and 71±1℃. After maintaining them at room temperature (16℃~32℃) for two hours, the adhesion test was repeated, confirming no film detachment.
  • Abrasion Resistance Test Conforming to MIL-C-675C and CCC-C-440 standards, the abrasion resistance test involved a gauze tester applying a minimum force of 1.0 lbs (0.45 kg) to the film. This was repeated 25 times with gauze widths of 1/4 inch (6.4mm) and 3/8 inch (9.5mm), ensuring no damage occurred to the film surface.
  • Humidity Test Under MIL-C-675C criteria, the test piece was placed in a controlled temperature and humidity chamber set to 49 ±2℃ and 95%~100% humidity for 24 hours. The film remained intact, with no peeling, scratches, or other defects.
  • Solvent and Cleaning Testing Following MIL-C-675C specifications, test pieces were exposed to room temperature conditions (16℃~32℃) and tested with acetone and alcohol for at least 10 minutes each. After air drying and subsequent cleaning with a cotton cloth soaked in alcohol, the film surface showed no signs of peeling or scratches.
  • Salt Spray Test After 100 hours in a 35°C environment with a 5% saltwater concentration, the film showed no signs of damage.

POC Strength and Capabilities

 

Photonics On Crystals (POC) has extensive expertise in the design, manufacturing, and customization of high-performance optical crystals like YVO₄. With advanced crystal growth techniques and strict quality control, POC ensures consistent production of reliable optical components for global markets. Key strengths include:

  1. Customization: Tailored solutions for diverse optical applications.
  2. Precision Engineering: Adherence to the highest industry standards for optical clarity and mechanical durability.
  3. Global Reach: Serving diverse industries, including telecommunications, laser manufacturing, and research instrumentation.
  4. Technical Support: Dedicated team for pre- and post-sales support to ensure customer satisfaction.

Standard Products

Face Dimensions

Length

End Faces

Doping

Coatings

Price (USD)

1.0 x 1.0 mm²

5 mm

Brewster-angle cut

0%

AR@1550 nm

$200

2.0 x 2.0 mm²

10 mm

Right-angle cut

0%

AR@1550 nm and 1310 nm

$250

3.0 x 3.0 mm²

15 mm

Brewster-angle cut

0%

AR@1550 nm

$300

Custom Dimensions

–

Upon Request

–

Upon Request

Upon Request

POC-OC-122466-YVO4 Crystal

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