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Sapphire Cyrstal

POC-OC-122480-Sapphire Cyrstal

  • Exceptional hardness (9 on the Moh’s scale) and durability for harsh environments.
  • High transmission rates across UV, visible, and IR spectrums.
  • Superior thermal conductivity and temperature resistance up to 2000°C.
  • Highly resistant to scratches, abrasion, and chemical corrosion.
  • Unaffected by atmospheric, marine, or biological exposures.

Customizable Components Available for This Material to Meet Your Specific Needs!

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Sapphire Cyrstal Material General Description

Sapphire Crystal, scientifically known as single-crystal aluminum oxide (Al2O3), is one of the hardest and most durable materials available for advanced photonics applications. Its unique combination of chemical, thermal, and optical properties makes it a top choice for extreme environments and precision optics. Sapphire exhibits high transmission from the ultraviolet (UV) through to the infrared (IR) range, with remarkable resistance to mechanical wear, chemical reactions, and thermal expansion. Its hexagonal crystal structure (trigonal system) ensures excellent anisotropic properties, enhancing its performance across diverse industrial applications.

 

Sapphire Cyrstal General Applications and Examples

Sapphire Crystals are extensively used in the following industries due to their extraordinary properties:

  1. Aerospace:
    • Scratch-resistant windows for satellites and aircraft sensors.
    • Protective covers for high-velocity environments.
  2. Medical Technology:
    • Endoscopic lens covers.
    • Dental tool tips for precision and durability.
  3. Semiconductors:
    • Plasma tubes and LED fabrication substrates.
    • Sapphire Cyrstal wafers for integrated circuits.
  4. Military Applications:
    • High-power laser windows and rangefinders.
    • Optical sensors for advanced weaponry systems.
  5. Oil and Gas:
    • Sapphire sight windows for high-pressure environments.
    • Diffusion plates for precise chemical analysis.
  6. Research and Development:
    • SSapphire Cyrstal  cuvettes for spectrophotometry.
    • Containment tubes for chemical experiments.

Chemical and Structural Properties

Property

Value

Chemical Formula

Al2O3

Density

3.97 g/cm³ (25°C)

Hardness

9 (Moh’s scale)

Melting Point

2053°C

Flexural Strength

1035 MPa (parallel to C-axis, 25°C)

Thermal Expansion Coefficient

8.8 × 10^-6 /°C (parallel to C-axis)

Young’s Modulus

435 GPa (parallel to C-axis, 25°C)

Dielectric Constant

11.5 (parallel to C-axis, 25°C)

Refractive Index

1.768 (ordinary ray); 1.760 (extraordinary ray)

Birefringence

0.008

Crystal System

Trigonal

Optical, Laser and Nonlinear Optical Properties

Property

Value

Transparency Range

0.15–5.5 µm

Optical Anisotropy

Uniaxial Negative

Refractive Index (Visible Range)

No = 1.768; Ne = 1.760

Absorption Coefficient

0.1–0.2 cm^-1 (0.66 µm, 1600°C)

Spectral Emittance

0.1 (at 1600°C)

Standard Fabrication Specifications

Specification

Value

Orientation

C-axis preferred

Surface Quality

40/20 to 10/5 (scratch-dig rating)

Surface Finish

Polished or fine-ground

Dimensional Tolerances

±0.01 mm

Maximum Size

Up to 300 mm diameter

Spectrum Transmission Curve:

Sapphire exhibits high transmission rates over a broad wavelength range. Detailed spectral transmission curves can be supplied on request, highlighting the transparency from UV to IR wavelengths.

Coating Specification:

 

  • Anti-Reflective Coatings: Enhances optical performance across UV, visible, and IR ranges.
  • Dielectric Coatings: Improves laser damage thresholds.
  • Protective Coatings: Increases durability in chemically reactive environments.
  • Adhesion Test Compliant with MIL-C-675C military standards, an adhesion test involved applying a tape that meets LT-90 specifications onto the lens film layer. The tape was affixed fully and then removed vertically. This procedure was performed three times, resulting in no blistering or peeling.
  • Temperature Test In line with MIL-C-675C specifications, test pieces were subjected to temperatures of -62±1℃ and 71±1℃. After maintaining them at room temperature (16℃~32℃) for two hours, the adhesion test was repeated, confirming no film detachment.
  • Abrasion Resistance Test Conforming to MIL-C-675C and CCC-C-440 standards, the abrasion resistance test involved a gauze tester applying a minimum force of 1.0 lbs (0.45 kg) to the film. This was repeated 25 times with gauze widths of 1/4 inch (6.4mm) and 3/8 inch (9.5mm), ensuring no damage occurred to the film surface.
  • Humidity Test Under MIL-C-675C criteria, the test piece was placed in a controlled temperature and humidity chamber set to 49 ±2℃ and 95%~100% humidity for 24 hours. The film remained intact, with no peeling, scratches, or other defects.
  • Solvent and Cleaning Testing Following MIL-C-675C specifications, test pieces were exposed to room temperature conditions (16℃~32℃) and tested with acetone and alcohol for at least 10 minutes each. After air drying and subsequent cleaning with a cotton cloth soaked in alcohol, the film surface showed no signs of peeling or scratches.
  • Salt Spray Test After 100 hours in a 35°C environment with a 5% saltwater concentration, the film showed no signs of damage.

POC Strength and Capabilities

 

Photonics On Crystals (POC) is a leader in sapphire crystal manufacturing, offering unparalleled expertise in custom fabrication. Our state-of-the-art facilities and a dedicated engineering team ensure precision and quality across all applications. With over two decades of industry experience, POC is committed to meeting the most stringent performance standards while delivering cost-effective solutions.

Standard Products

Product

Dimension Range

Price (USD)

Sapphire Windows

Up to 300 mm diameter

$500–$5,000

Sapphire Rods

10–50 mm diameter

$300–$1,500

Sapphire Tubes

Custom dimensions

$700–$3,000

Sapphire Lenses

20–100 mm diameter

$1,000–$10,000

Customization Options

Available on request

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POC-OC-122480-Sapphire Cyrstal

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