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Nonlinear Crystals

Nonlinear crystals are essential in photonics, enabling frequency conversion, harmonic generation, and parametric amplification to expand spectral ranges and boost laser efficiency. This library provides clear insights into each crystal’s properties, applications, and performance.

Comparison Table

Crystal Name Transparency Range (µm) Key Features Applications
LBO 0.16 – 2.6 High thermal stability, high damage threshold SHG, OPO, THG
BBO 0.19 – 3.5 Wide transparency, high optical homogeneity SHG, OPG, OPA, THG
BIBO 0.29 – 2.5 High SHG efficiency, robust mechanical properties SHG, UV generation
CLBO 0.18 – 2.75 Superior UV generation efficiency UV generation, SHG
KTP 0.35 – 4.5 Excellent phase matching, high nonlinearity SHG, SFG, OPO, biomedical devices
GTR-KTP 0.35 – 4.5 Enhanced damage threshold for high-power lasers Advanced green lasers
RTP 0.4 – 4.5 High damage threshold, low conductivity Q-switching
KTA 0.35 – 5.2 Wide angular acceptance, low absorption at longer wavelengths Mid-IR OPO, OPA
LN 0.42 – 5.2 High nonlinear coefficients, versatile applications Telecom, SHG, OPO, phase modulators
MgO:LiNbO3 0.45 – 4.5 Resistance to photorefractive damage High-power lasers, OPA
KDP 0.18 – 1.5 High damage threshold, electro-optic applications SHG, Electro-optic modulation
LilO3 0.35 – 4.5 High birefringence, efficient SHG UV and visible light generation
CdSe 0.5 – 18 Wide MIR range, low absorption losses Terahertz generation, IR frequency conversion
ZnGeP2 0.7 – 18 High IR transparency, efficient nonlinear conversion IR OPO, harmonic generation
AgGaGeS4 0.5 – 12 Thermally stable, excellent phase matching MIR applications, frequency conversion
AgGaGe5Se12 0.9 – 17 High thermal stability, efficient nonlinear processes Terahertz, MIR lasers
BaGa4Se7 0.47 – 18 High nonlinear coefficient, durable MIR lasers, gas sensing, spectroscopy
BaGa2GeSe6 0.5 – 18 Excellent phase matching, high thermal resistance Spectroscopy, MIR lasers
BaGa4S7 0.5 – 13 High damage threshold, excellent phase matching High-power MIR lasers
HgGa2S4 0.5 – 12 Thermal resistance, low absorption losses SHG, OPA, SFG
PPKTP 0.35 – 4.5 Compact, highly efficient nonlinear interaction SHG, SFG, OPO
PPLN 0.45 – 4.5 Tunable wavelengths, compact design SHG, OPO, DFG
AgGaS2 0.5 – 12 High efficiency, wide range Frequency conversion, IR lasers
AgGaSe2 0.7 – 18 Robust, high IR transparency MIR generation, gas sensing

Lithium Triborate (LiB₃O₅)

LBO is a highly versatile nonlinear crystal known for its broad transparency range (160–2600 nm), high damage threshold, and excellent thermal and mechanical stability. Ideal for SHG, THG, OPO, and SFG, it also offers non-critical phase matching and wide acceptance angles, making it perfect for high-power and ultrafast laser systems. With outstanding optical uniformity and minimal walk-off, LBO is widely used in Nd:YAG and fiber lasers.
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Beta Barium Borate (β-BaB₂O₄)

BBO is a high-performance nonlinear crystal ideal for frequency doubling, tripling, and quadrupling. With a broad transparency range (190–3500 nm), high homogeneity, and strong nonlinear coefficient, it excels in OPG, OPA, and ultrafast laser applications. Its high damage threshold and precise beam control make it essential for laser machining and advanced spectroscopy.
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Bismuth Triborate (BiB₃O₆)

BIBO is a durable nonlinear crystal with a high nonlinear coefficient and broad transparency range (286–2500 nm). Offering superior SHG efficiency, it’s ideal for green and UV light generation in DPSSLs, femtosecond lasers, projection systems, and medical lasers.
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Cesium Lithium Borate (CsLiB₆O₁₀)

CLBO is a nonlinear crystal optimized for deep UV generation with a wide transparency range (180–2750 nm) and high nonlinear efficiency. Despite its lower damage threshold, it excels in fourth and fifth harmonic generation for semiconductor lithography, UV spectroscopy, and fluorescence analysis, requiring careful handling and moisture control.
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Potassium Titanyl Phosphate (KTiOPO₄)

KTP offers a high nonlinear coefficient, broad transparency range (350–4500 nm), and excellent thermal stability. It efficiently generates 532 nm light in Nd:YAG laser SHG and performs reliably in OPO, SFG, and intracavity SHG applications across telecommunications, laser displays, and biomedical devices.
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GTR-KTP

GTR-KTP enhances the standard KTP with higher damage thresholds and improved thermal performance. It offers superior performance in high-power laser systems where standard KTP may face limitations. GTR-KTP is particularly useful in advanced green laser systems and nonlinear optical setups.
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Rubidium Titanyl Phosphate (RbTiOPO₄)

RTP shares many properties with KTP but offers a higher damage threshold and lower electro-optic coefficients. These features make RTP an excellent choice for Q-switching applications in high-repetition-rate laser systems. RTP offers low conductivity, reducing thermal effects in electro-optic modulators.
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Potassium Titanyl Arsenate (KTiOAsO₄)

KTA offers wide angular acceptance, low walk-off, and excellent thermal stability. With a broad transparency range (350–5200 nm), it enables efficient mid-infrared generation via OPO and OPA. Thanks to its lower absorption at longer wavelengths, KTA surpasses KTP in mid-IR systems for gas sensing, medical lasers, and environmental monitoring.
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Lithium Niobate (LiNbO₃)

LiNbO₃ is a versatile crystal widely used in nonlinear, electro-optic, and acousto-optic applications. With a broad transparency range (420–5200 nm) and high nonlinear coefficients, it excels in frequency doubling, OPO, and wavelength conversion. Renowned for its strong electro-optic response, LN is a key material in fiber lasers, modulators, and advanced telecommunication systems.
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Magnesium-Doped Lithium Niobate (MgO:LiNbO₃)

MgO:LiNbO₃ enhances the performance of standard LN by improving its resistance to photorefractive damage. This makes it suitable for high-power applications and ultrafast laser systems. MgO:LiNbO₃ is widely used in optical parametric generation, amplification, and harmonic generation setups.
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Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate (KDP) and DKDP (KD*P)

KDP and its deuterated form DKDP (KD*P) are widely used for frequency conversion and electro-optic modulation. Their wide transparency range (184-1500 nm) and high damage threshold make them essential in high-power laser systems and inertial confinement fusion experiments.
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Lithium Iodate (LiIO₃)

LiIO₃ is a nonlinear crystal with high birefringence and outstanding SHG efficiency. Its broad transparency range (350–4500 nm) makes it ideal for UV and visible light generation in laser applications.
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Cadmium Selenide (CdSe)

CdSe is a mid-infrared nonlinear crystal known for its wide transparency range and high nonlinear coefficients. It is commonly used in terahertz generation and infrared frequency conversion.
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Zinc Germanium Phosphide (ZnGeP₂)

ZnGeP₂ is a widely used for mid-infrared optical parametric oscillation and harmonic generation. It offers excellent transparency and high damage thresholds, making it ideal for IR lasers.
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Silver Gallium Germanium Sulfide (AgGaGeS₄)

AgGaGeS₄ is a nonlinear crystal with high nonlinear coefficients and a broad transparency range (0.5–12 μm). Ideal for mid-infrared OPO, SFG, and frequency mixing, it supports laser spectroscopy, medical diagnostics, and environmental monitoring. Its strong thermal resistance and excellent phase matching ensure efficient, stable performance in high-power photonics systems.
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Silver Gallium Germanium Selenide (AgGaGe₅Se₁₂)

AgGaGe₅Se₁₂ is a high-efficiency nonlinear crystal for mid-infrared applications, offering a wide transparency range (0.9–17 μm) and strong thermal stability. Ideal for THz generation, MIR lasers, and frequency conversion, it delivers reliable performance in high-power scientific, medical, and industrial systems.
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Barium Gallium Selenide (BaGa₄Se₇)

BaGa₄Se₇ is a nonlinear crystal with excellent optical properties and a wide transparency range (0.47–18 μm). Ideal for OPO and SFG in mid-infrared laser systems, it offers high damage resistance, stable phase matching, and reliable performance for gas sensing, environmental monitoring, and medical applications.
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Barium Gallium Germanium Selenide (BaGa₂GeSe₆)

BaGa₂GeSe₆ is a highly efficient nonlinear crystal with a wide transparency range (0.5–18 μm), strong nonlinear coefficients, and excellent phase matching. Ideal for MIR generation, it supports laser spectroscopy, environmental sensing, and biomedical imaging, offering stable performance in high-power photonic systems.
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Barium Gallium Sulfide (BaGa₄S₇)

BaGa₄S₇ is a versatile nonlinear crystal with a broad transparency range (0.5–13 μm), ideal for mid-infrared OPO, DFG, and wavelength conversion. Its high damage threshold and strong phase matching make it suitable for high-power laser, medical imaging, and environmental monitoring applications.
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Mercury Gallium Sulfide (HgGa₂S₄)

HgGa₂S₄ is a high-performance nonlinear crystal with a wide transparency range (0.5–12 μm) and strong nonlinear coefficients. Ideal for SHG, OPA, and other MIR frequency conversion processes, it’s used in terahertz generation, infrared spectroscopy, and environmental sensing, offering excellent thermal stability and high damage resistance.
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Periodically Poled Potassium Titanyl Phosphate (PPKTP)

PPKTP is an advanced nonlinear crystal with a periodically poled structure for high conversion efficiency. With a broad transparency range (350–4500 nm) and high damage threshold, it excels in SHG, SFG, and OPO applications across telecommunications, quantum optics, and laser-based medical systems.
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Periodically Poled Lithium Niobate (PPLN)

PPLN is a widely used nonlinear crystal for SHG, OPO, and DFG, offering efficient frequency conversion across 450–4500 nm. Its periodically poled structure enables precise, tunable wavelength generation, making it ideal for telecommunications, spectroscopy, and quantum optics.
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Silver Gallium Sulfide (AgGaS₂)

AgGaS₂ is a nonlinear crystal with a broad transparency range (0.5–12 μm) and excellent phase matching, ideal for MIR frequency conversion such as SHG, OPO, and SFG. It efficiently generates tunable laser outputs for gas detection, medical imaging, and spectroscopy, with high damage resistance for powerful laser systems.
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Silver Gallium Selenide (AgGaSe₂)

AgGaSe₂ is a high-performance nonlinear crystal with a wide transparency range (0.7–18 μm) and strong phase-matching capability. Ideal for OPO, SHG, and DFG in the mid-IR range, it’s widely used in gas sensing, laser surgery, and environmental monitoring, offering excellent durability and stability in high-power systems.
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